Low dosage combination treatment with metformin and simvastatin inhibits obesity-promoted pancreatic cancer development in male KrasG12D mice

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a highly lethal disease with limited therapeutic options, may benefit from repurposing of FDA-approved drugs in preventive or interceptive strategies in high-risk populations. 

Previous animal studies demonstrated that the use of metformin and statins as single agents at relatively high doses restrained PDAC development. Here, four-week-old mice expressing KrasG12D in all pancreatic lineages (KC mice) and fed an obesogenic high fat, high calorie diet that promotes early PDAC development were randomized onto low dosage metformin, simvastatin, or both drugs in combination administered orally. 

Dual treatment attenuated weight gain, fibro-inflammation, and development of advanced PDAC precursor lesions (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [PanIN]-3) in male KC mice, without significant effect in females or when administered individually. 

Dual-treated KC mice had reduced proliferation of PanIN cells and decreased transcriptional activity of the Hippo effectors, YAP and TAZ, which are important regulators of PDAC development. Metformin and simvastatin also synergistically inhibited colony formation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. 

Together, our data demonstrated that a combination of low doses of metformin and simvastatin inhibits PDAC development and imply that both drugs are promising agents for being tested in clinical trials for preventing pancreatic cancer progression.

Ultra efficient design homes use 90% less energy

Ultra-efficient design homes are built with a focus on minimizing energy consumption and maximizing energy efficiency. These homes incorporate various design principles, technologies, and materials to significantly reduce energy usage compared to conventional homes. While the exact energy savings can vary depending on the specific design and features, it is not uncommon for ultra-efficient homes to achieve energy savings of around 90% or more.

These homes typically employ a combination of features such as:

1. High levels of insulation: Thick insulation, including insulation in walls, floors, and roofs, helps to minimize heat transfer and maintain a stable indoor temperature.

2. Energy-efficient windows and doors: Windows and doors with advanced glazing, low-emissivity coatings, and proper sealing minimize heat loss or gain and improve overall thermal performance.

3. Air sealing and ventilation: Airtight construction, combined with mechanical ventilation systems, helps to prevent unwanted air leakage and maintain a controlled indoor environment.

4. High-efficiency heating, cooling, and ventilation systems: Ultra-efficient homes often incorporate energy-saving HVAC systems, including geothermal heat pumps, radiant floor heating, and energy recovery ventilation (ERV) systems.

5. Energy-efficient lighting and appliances: The use of LED lighting and ENERGY STAR-rated appliances reduces electricity consumption compared to traditional lighting and appliances.

6. Renewable energy systems: Many ultra-efficient homes integrate renewable energy sources like solar panels or wind turbines to generate clean electricity on-site.

By implementing these and other energy-saving strategies, ultra-efficient design homes can achieve substantial reductions in energy consumption, resulting in significant cost savings and a smaller carbon footprint.

It's important to note that achieving such high energy savings requires careful planning, construction expertise, and investment in energy-efficient technologies. Additionally, the specific energy savings achieved can vary based on factors such as climate, occupant behavior, and the size and layout of the home.

Net Metering

Net metering is a billing arrangement that allows individuals or businesses with renewable energy systems, such as solar panels, to receive credit for any excess electricity they generate and feed back into the grid. Under net metering, the energy meter "nets out" the electricity consumed from the grid against the electricity generated by the renewable energy system.

When the renewable energy system produces more electricity than is being consumed on-site, the excess electricity is fed back into the grid, and the meter records this as a credit. This credit can then be used to offset the electricity consumed from the grid during times when the renewable energy system is not generating enough power, such as at night or during periods of low sunlight.

Net metering allows individuals or businesses to reduce their electricity bills by effectively using the grid as a virtual battery. It provides an incentive for the installation of renewable energy systems by enabling the owners to offset their electricity costs and potentially earn savings over time.

It's important to note that the specific regulations and policies related to net metering can vary between countries and regions. The eligibility criteria, credit values, and program details may differ depending on the jurisdiction.

What is electrical power distribution and how does it work?

What is electrical power distribution, and how does it work?

Electrical power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity. Electricity is carried from the transmission system to individual consumers.

The electrical distribution system consists of three major components:

1. Generation: Electricity is generated at power plants, which can be fueled by coal, natural gas, nuclear power, hydroelectric power, or other sources.

2. Transmission: Electricity is transmitted from power plants to distribution substations over high-voltage transmission lines.

3. Distribution: Electricity is distributed from distribution substations to individual consumers over low-voltage distribution lines.

The distribution system is a complex network of wires, transformers, and other equipment that is essential to the delivery of electricity to homes and businesses. The system must be able to handle the large amount of electricity that is used by consumers, and it must be able to do so safely and reliably.

The distribution system is divided into two main parts:

1. Primary distribution: Primary distribution lines carry electricity from distribution substations to large consumers, such as factories and businesses.

2. Secondary distribution: Secondary distribution lines carry electricity from 

distribution substations to individual homes and businesses.

Primary distribution lines are typically high-voltage lines that are located above ground. Secondary distribution lines are typically low-voltage lines that are located underground or below ground.

The distribution system is a vital part of the electrical grid. It is responsible for delivering electricity to homes and businesses, and it plays a critical role in the economy.

Here are some of the key components of an electrical power distribution system:

1. Distribution substations: Distribution substations are located throughout the distribution system. They connect the transmission system to the distribution system, and they also provide voltage regulation and protection for the distribution system.

2. Transformers: Transformers are used to step up or down the voltage of electricity. This is necessary because the voltage of electricity that is transmitted over long distances is much higher than the voltage that is used by homes and businesses.

3. Distribution lines: Distribution lines are the wires that carry electricity from distribution substations to homes and businesses. Distribution lines can be either overhead or underground.

3. Switchgear: Switchgear is used to control the flow of electricity in the distribution system. This is necessary to protect the system from overloads and to ensure that electricity is delivered to the right places.

4. Metering: Metering is used to measure the amount of electricity that is used by homes and businesses. This information is used to bill customers for their electricity usage.

The electrical power distribution system is a complex and essential part of the electrical grid. It is responsible for delivering electricity to homes and businesses, and it plays a critical role in the economy.

 

Norway opens world's biggest floating wind plant

OSLO, Norway -Norway inaugurated the world’s biggest floating wind park in the North Sea on Wednesday, an emerging technology considered promising for the transition from fossil fuels to green energy.

The Hywind Tampen field is made up of 11 turbines producing up to 8.6 megawatts each, providing five neighbouring oil-and-gas platforms with about 35 percent of their energy needs.

The field located some 140 kilometres (87 miles) offshore began production at the end of last year, but was officially inaugurated Wednesday by Norwegian Crown Prince Haakon and Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Store.

“We and Europeans all need more electricity. The war in Ukraine has reinforced this situation,” Store said, quoted by Norwegian agency NTB.

“This electricity must be from renewable sources if Europe wants to reach its climate goals,” he said.

Unlike offshore wind turbines that are fixed to the seabed, floating turbines are, as their name suggests, mounted on a floating structure anchored to the seabed.

This makes it possible for them to be installed in deeper waters and further from the coast, where winds are more consistent and stronger.

They are however more expensive to build.

The construction of Hywind Tampen, in depths between 260 and 300 metres (853 to 984 feet), cost some 7.4 billion kroner ($691 million).

“Yes it’s expensive, but someone has to lead the way,” the prime minister said.

The project is owned by Norway’s state-owned oil groups Equinor and Petoro, Austria’s OMV, the Norwegian subsidiary of Italy’s Eni dubbed Var Energi, Germany’s Wintershall DEA and Japan’s Inpex.

Why are DC motors used in elevators?

DC motors are commonly used in elevators for several reasons:

1. Control and Speed Regulation: DC motors offer precise control and speed regulation, making them suitable for elevator applications. Elevators need to start, stop, and move at different speeds with accuracy, and DC motors allow for smooth and controlled acceleration and deceleration.

2. Torque Characteristics: DC motors provide high starting torque, which is essential for elevators to lift heavy loads from a stationary position. The initial torque helps overcome the inertia of the elevator car and its occupants.

3. Compact Design: DC motors have a relatively compact design compared to other motor types, allowing them to fit well within the limited space available in elevator shafts and machine rooms.

4. Regenerative Braking: DC motors can be used in regenerative braking systems, which contribute to energy efficiency. When the elevator descends or decelerates, the motor acts as a generator, converting the kinetic energy into electrical energy that can be fed back into the power grid or used for other purposes.

5. Reliability: DC motors are known for their reliability and durability, requiring minimal maintenance. This is crucial for elevator systems that need to operate continuously and reliably for extended periods.

While DC motors have been widely used in elevators, it's worth noting that some modern elevator systems also employ AC motors with variable frequency drives (VFDs) for improved energy efficiency and control. The choice of motor type depends on factors such as the specific elevator design, load requirements, speed control, and energy efficiency goals.

What will happen if Sun disappears suddenly?

If the sun were to suddenly disappear, it would have catastrophic consequences for life on Earth. Here are some of the effects:

1. Immediate Darkness: The absence of the sun would result in immediate darkness on Earth. The sun's light takes about 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach Earth, so we would continue to see the sun for that duration after its disappearance.

2. Temperature Drop: The sun's heat is essential for maintaining the Earth's average temperature. Without the sun's energy, the temperature would rapidly drop. Eventually, the Earth would become extremely cold, reaching temperatures close to absolute zero (-273.15 degrees Celsius or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit).

3. Lack of Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, would cease without the sun. Plants are the primary source of food for many organisms, so their inability to produce energy would disrupt the entire food chain.

4. Ecosystem Collapse: The loss of sunlight and subsequent drop in temperature would lead to the death of most plants and phytoplankton, which are vital for oxygen production. This would result in oxygen depletion, leading to the collapse of ecosystems and the extinction of many species.

5. Atmospheric Changes: The sun's gravity plays a crucial role in holding the Earth and other planets in their orbits. Without the sun's gravitational pull, the Earth would no longer be bound to its current orbit and would drift off into space.

In summary, the sudden disappearance of the sun would have catastrophic consequences, including darkness, extreme cold, the collapse of ecosystems, and the eventual extinction of most life forms on Earth.