Servo Motor

A servo motor is a type of motor that is used in applications where precise control of angular position, velocity, and acceleration is required. Unlike regular motors, a servo motor is part of a closed-loop system, meaning it can receive feedback on its position and adjust accordingly. Here's how it works:

Key Components:

1. DC Motor: The actual motor that drives the movement.

2. Feedback Device: Typically an encoder or potentiometer, this device continuously monitors the motor's position.

3. Controller: A circuit or microcontroller that processes the feedback and adjusts the motor's speed or direction.

4. Gearbox: Often used to increase torque or reduce speed, making the servo motor more powerful in applications requiring precise movement.

How It Works:

1. Input Signal: The controller receives an input signal, usually a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal, which specifies the desired position of the servo.

2. Positioning: The controller compares the desired position (from the input signal) with the current position (from the feedback device). If there is a difference, it sends a signal to the motor to move in the required direction.

3. Movement: The motor rotates, and the feedback device continuously checks the motor's position. Once the desired position is reached, the controller stops the motor or adjusts it if necessary.

4. Closed-Loop Control: If the servo moves out of position due to external forces or errors, the feedback system detects the discrepancy and corrects it, allowing precise control.

In short, a servo motor is designed to move to a specific position and maintain that position precisely by constantly adjusting based on feedback from its own position sensor.