Why don't birds get shocked on power lines?

Birds generally do not get shocked when perched on power lines due to a few key reasons:

1. Lack of Complete Circuit: Birds are perched on a single power line, which is typically made of a conductor like aluminum or copper. Since they do not simultaneously touch another conductor or complete a circuit to the ground, they do not create a path for electricity to flow through them.

2. Insulated Feet: Birds have feet that are designed with specialized adaptations. They have thick layers of scales and skin, as well as an insulating layer of feathers, which serve as effective insulators. This insulating barrier prevents the electricity from reaching their bodies.

3. Minimal Contact: Birds usually touch the power line with only a small portion of their feet or body, reducing the chances of electricity passing through them. This limited contact area further prevents the electrical current from flowing through their bodies.

However, it's essential to note that if a bird were to touch two power lines simultaneously or come into contact with a power line and another conductor, such as a tree branch, it could create a path for electricity to flow and result in a shock. This is why birds should always exercise caution and avoid such situations near power lines to ensure their safety.